Modafinil is a synthetic central nervous system stimulant with wakefulness-promoting activity. Modafinil appears to inhibit dopamine reuptake, resulting in an increase in extracellular dopamine. This agent exhibits pronounced wakefulness-promoting activity (without sympathomimetic activity) and may improve cognitive function in certain clinical settings. (NCI04) Modafinil and its R-enantiomer armodafinil are central nervous system stimulants used to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness. Both modafinil and armodafinil are associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but they have not been...
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Best Drugs for Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. The stool is often hard and dry. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction. The normal frequency of bowel movements in adults is between three per day and three per week. Babies often have three to four bowel movements per day while young children...
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Asthenia is a symptom of a number of different conditions. The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory Read More …
Drug Abuse Disorders is when you take drugs that are not legal. It’s also when you use alcohol, prescription medicine, and other legal substances too much or in the wrong way. So substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned Read More …
Major depression is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or a lack of interest in outside stimuli. It is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss Read More …
Unipolar or major depression is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or a lack of interest in outside stimuli. It is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied Read More …
Dysthymia or low-grade depression is less severe than major depression but more chronic. It occurs twice as often in women as in men. Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a serious and disabling disorder that shares many symptoms with other forms of clinical Read More …
Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Esophagitis can be caused by infection, irritation of the esophagus, or inflammation of the lining of the esophagus. The esophagus is part Read More …
Acid Reflux is a sensation of burning in the chest caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus (food pipe). It is also known as acid indigestion, is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. The pain often rises in the chest and Read More …
Overweight is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person’s weight by the square of Read More …
Congestive Heart Failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through to meet the body’s needs for blood and oxygen. It is inability of the heart to keep up with the demands on Read More …
Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease of unclear etiology that is manifested in by a progressive and destructive polyarthritis in association with serological evidence of autoreactivity. Its diagnosis is based on the classification criteria that involve four Read More …
Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease of unclear etiology that is manifested in by a progressive and destructive polyarthritis in association with serological evidence of autoreactivity. Its diagnosis is based on the classification criteria that involve Read More …
Non-Pharmacologic Therapies Non-pharmacologic therapies include treatments other than medications and are the foundation of treatment for all people with rheumatoid arthritis. Rest – When joints are inflamed, the risk of injury of the joint itself and the adjacent soft tissue structures Read More …
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same Read More …
Symptoms and Causes of Gout is a form of acute arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. It most commonly affects the big toe, but may also affect the heel, ankle, hand, wrist, or elbow. It affects the Read More …
Types of Gout is a form of acute arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. It most commonly affects the big toe, but may also affect the heel, ankle, hand, wrist, or elbow. It affects the spine often Read More …